The aim of the article is to provide a theoretical justification of the operation of a direct seeding coulter with adaptive vertical discs under No-Till technology conditions. The study is focused on increasing the stability of seed placement depth, improving the quality of furrow formation, and reducing the energy consumption of the sowing process. Particular attention is paid to accounting for the force and dynamic interaction between the coulter, the soil, and crop residues under variable field conditions. The relevance of the research is determined by the growing requirements for working bodies of direct seeding drills and the insufficient theoretical substantiation of coulter designs incorporating adaptive elements. The article considers the design of a direct seeding coulter equipped with adaptive vertical discs and develops its calculation scheme. The system of forces acting on the coulter during operation is determined, and analytical relationships are obtained to evaluate the draft resistance as a function of working depth, chisel width, and physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The kinematics of the vertical discs are analyzed, and conditions for effective cutting of crop residues and self-cleaning of cutting segments are established. The coulter is modeled as a single-degree-of-freedom vibratory system, for which the equation of vertical motion is formulated and the amplitude–frequency characteristic is derived. The influence of operating speed and the characteristic length of soil surface irregularities on the amplitude of vertical oscillations of the coulter is investigated. As a result of the theoretical analysis, it is established that the use of adaptive vertical discs allows the load to be redistributed between the chisel and the discs, reduces peak values of draft resistance, and increases the damping of the “soil-coulter” system. It is shown that an increase in the equivalent damping and stiffness of the system leads to a reduction in the amplitude of vertical oscillations, especially in the resonance region, and ensures more stable seed placement depth. The obtained results can be used in the design and optimization of direct seeding coulters and serve as a theoretical basis for further experimental research.

direct seeding, coulter, adaptive vertical discs, draft resistance, seeder

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