DOI: https://doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2025.55.91-96

Choosing a Coulter for a Row Crop Seeder

Kateryna Vasylkovska, Olha Andreichenko, Valentyna Malakhovska

About the Authors

Kateryna Vasylkovska, Associate Professor, PhD in Technical Sciences (Candidate of Technical Sciences), Associate Professor of the Department of General Agriculture, Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3524-4027, e-mail: vasilkovskakv@ukr.net

Olha Andreichenko, PhD agricultural sciences (Candidate of Agricultural Sciences), Senior Lecturer of the Department of General Agriculture, Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0651-0263, e-mail: andreichenko.olha@gmail.com

Valentyna Malakhovska, Lecturer of the Department of General Agriculture, Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0284-8721, e-mail: malahovskav@gmail.com

Abstract

For different crops, the parameters of the feeding area in the early stages of development are determined by the sowing rate and the method of placing seeds in the furrow. Violation of the uniformity of sowing causes heterogeneity of germination conditions and assimilation space, which leads to a decrease in field germination and, as a final result, to a decrease in crop productivity. The process of placing seeds in the soil is the final stage of sowing, during which the interaction of the seed with the soil environment begins, which ensures the modification of its physiological state and creates the conditions for its germination. Therefore, the task of the coulter is to place the seed in the furrow in a high-quality manner in order to ensure its further germination. The purpose of this article is to analyze the existing designs of coulters for row crop seeders, their role in creating a single-seed flow of seeds into the furrow, and to find ways to eliminate their shortcomings and improve their advantages. When choosing a coulter for a row crop seeder, it is important that its design meets agrotechnical requirements and the specific soil and climatic conditions of the farm. The main types of coulters are analyzed: double-disc coulters that form a V-shaped furrow, anchor (claw) coulters that form a U-shaped furrow, combined (disc-anchor) coulters that form a T-shaped furrow, flat and spherical disc coulters (inclined discs) that form a U or V furrow. To select a coulter for sowing row crops, an analysis of the functional capabilities of different types of sunflowers was carried out. For the soil and climatic conditions of the Stup region of Ukraine, it is most appropriate to choose combined disc-anchor coulters with a sharp angle of entry into the soil, which can be equipped with a retaining heel.

Keywords

row crop seeder, coulter, furrow, precision sowing, seed

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References

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