DOI: https://doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2018.48.143-153

Mechanical Grain Damage

Ivan Skrynnik, Іryna Pisarkova, Mykola Petrenko

About the Authors

Ivan Skrynnik, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukraіnian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail:

Іryna Pisarkova, design engineer, Central Ukraіnian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail:

Mykola Petrenko, Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukraіnian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, Ukraine, e-mail: petrenkonn@i.ua

Abstract

The objective of the article is to establish the influence of various factors on the ratio of the normal to the surface of the wheat grain velocity component after impact on the impact velocity (the analogue of the coefficient of instant friction which influences grain damage). Another objective is the study of the dependence of damage in the process of its interaction with the surfaces of working elements of machines on speed impact with the surface, its tilt angle, material, geometry and grain humidity. It has been established that when the angle of impact of grain with the surface increases, then the normal component of velocity after impact is reduced. It determines the rate of the dynamic load on the grain. Therefore, with the increaseof the angle of impact, the proportion of damaged grains decreases. Under impact loads, the destruction (damage) of grains takes place due to stresses (tension) that occur in the place contact of grains and the surface. The tension is directly proportional to the impact force and inversely proportional to the contact area.The contact area depends on the rate of the elastic deformation of the bodies: grain – surface, which increases with the decrease of the elastic modulus of the surface materials and grains. With the increase in the velocity of impact, the restitution factor decreases because part of the energy of grain deformation goes to its local destruction. At the same time, the values of the coefficients of grain damage increase accordingly with increasing velocity (from 1 m/s to 11 m/s). When impacting with the outside surface of the cylinder, the damagecoefficient of the grain decreases with the increase in the angle of impact and the decrease in cylinder diameter. It mainly happens due to reducing the damage of the shell, as this reduces the time of contact of the grain with a convex curvilinear surface after impact. When the grain impactswith the inner cylindrical surface, the degree of grain damage increases due to the increase in the time of the slip of the grain on the surface. It was established that the percentage of grain damage is the smallest in the range of moisture of the grainsat W = 12.7-15.3%, which can be rational in the case of clearing wheat grains by machines. Reducing or increasing this rate leads to the increase in the percentage of grain damage. Therefore, grain damage during the impact can be reduced by choosing rational technological modes of operation, the geometry of surfaces of working elements of grain cleaning machines and their coatings.

Keywords

damage, grain, impact, humidity, surface, material, velocity

Full Text:

PDF

References

1. Bedych, T.V. (2008). Klassifikacija mehanicheskih povrezhdenij zerna mashinami nepreryvnogo transporta i mery po ih ustraneniju [Classification of Mechanical Damage of Grains by Machines of Continuous Transportation and Measures to Eliminate Them]. International Agricultural Magazine, 2, 62 [in Russian].

2. Bedych, T.V. (2008). Vlijanie robochih organov mashin na travmiruemost' zerna [Influence of Machine Working Elements on the Damage of Grain]. International Agricultural Magazine, 4, 71. [in Russian].

3. Gimadiev, A.М. (2010). Travmirovanie semjan [Grains Damage]. agroinform.ru. Retrieved from http://www.agroinform.ru/2010/06/travm.htm [in Russian].

4. Derevyanko, D.A., Tarasenko, O.P., Orobinskiy, V.I. (2012). Vplyv travmuvannia na iakist' nasinnia zernovykh kul'tur [Influence of Damage on the Quality of Seeds of Grain Crops ]. Zhytomyr: Nilan LTD [in Ukrainian].

5. Kyrpa, M.Ya., Bazileva, Yu.S. (2008). Vplyv riznykh typiv travmuvannia na iakist' nasinnia hibrydiv kukurudzy [Effect of Different types of Damage on the Quality of Maize Hybrid Seeds]. Scientiifc Works of PF "KATU" NAU, Issue 107, 68-71. [in Ukrainian].

6. Kuznetsov, V.V., Manoylina, S.Z. (2007). Sovershenstvovanie metodiki ocenki mikropovrezhdenija zernovok [Improvement of Methodology of Grain Micro-Damage Assessment]. Bulletin of Voronezh State Agrarian University, 14, 121-135. [in Russian].

7. Merchalova, M.E., Milovanov, V.V., Tarasenko, A.P., Orobinskiy, V.I., Sidorov, S.A. (2012). Snizheni povrezhdenija zerna krupjanyh kul'tur pri uborke i posleuborochnoj obrabotke [ Reduction of Grain Damage to Cereal Crops During Harvesting and Post-harvest Processing]. Engineering in agriculture, 4, 5-6. [in Russian].

8. Merchalova, M.E., Tarasenko, A.P. (2014). Izmenenie urovnja travmirovanija zerna pri posleuborochnoj obrabotke [Changes in the Level of Grain Damage During Post-harvest Processing]. Modern trends in the development of technologies and technical means for agro-industrial complexes, 104-106. [in Russian].

9. Pugachev, A.N. (1975). Povrezhdenie zerna mashinami [Grain Damage by Machines]. Moscow: Kolos [in Russian].

10. Recommendations on Forecasting and Reduction of Grain Damage in Post-harvest Processing. (2010). Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Voronezh State Agricultural University named after K.D. Glinka" [in Russian].

11. Tarasenko, A.P., Orobinskiy, V.I., Merchalova, M.E., Sorokin, N.N. (2014). Сovershenstvovanie tehnologi poluchenija kachestvennyh semjan i prodovol'stvennogo zerna [Improvement of Technology of Obtaining Quality Seeds and Food Grain ]. Forestry magazine, Vol. 4, 1 (13), 36-40. [in Russian].

12. Tarasenko, A.P., Orobinskiy, V.I., Gievskiy, A.M. (2014). Sovershenstvovanie mehanizacii proizvodstva semjan zernovyh kul'tur [Improvement of Mechanization of Grain Crops Production]. Moscow: Rosinformagrotech [in Russian].

13. Travmirovanie semjan [Grain Damage]. agrocounsel.ru. Retrieved from http://www.agrocounsel.ru/travmirovanie-semyan [in Russian].

14. Chernyshov, S.V., Merchalova, M.E., Tarasenko, A.P. (2008). Reduction of Grain Damage by Grain Elevators [Snizhenie travmirovanija zerna norijami]. Mechanization and electrification of agriculture,10, 6 [in Russian].

GOST Style Citations

  1. Бедыч Т.В. Классификация механических повреждений зерна машинами непрерывного транспорта и меры по их устранению. Международный сельскохозяйственный журнал. Москва, 2008. №2. С. 62.
  2. Бедыч Т.В. Влияние робочих органов машин на травмируемость зерна. Международный сельскохозяйственный журнал. Москва, 2008. №4. С. 71.
  3. Гимадиев А.М. Травмирование семян. URL: http://www.agroinform.ru/2010/06/travm.htm
  4. Дерев'янко Д.А., Тарасенко О.П., Оробінський В.І. Вплив травмування на якість насіння зернових культур : монографія. Житомир: Нілан-ЛТД, 2012. 440 с.
  5. Кирпа М.Я., БазілєваЮ.С. Вплив різних типів травмування на якість насіння гібридів кукурудзи. Наук. пр. ПФ «КАТУ» НАУ. Сімферополь, 2008. Вип. 107. С. 68-71.
  6. Кузнецов В.В., Манойлина С.З. Совершенствование методики оценки микроповреждения зерновок. Вестник ВГАУ, 2007. №14. С. 121-135.
  7. Снижени повреждения зерна крупяных культур при уборке и послеуборочной обработке. / М.Э. Мерчалова и др. Техника в сельском хозяйстве, 2012. №4. С. 5–6.
  8. Мерчалова М.Э., Тарасенко А.П. Изменение уровня травмирования зерна при послеуборочной обработке. Современные тенденции развития технологий и технических средств для АПК. Воронеж, 2014. С. 104–106.
  9. Пугачев А.Н. Повреждение зерна машинами. Москва: Колос, 1975. 229 с.
  10. Рекомендации по прогнозированию и снижению травмирования семян при послеуборочной обработке / Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Воронежский государственный аграрный університет имени К.Д. Глинки» (ФГОУ ВПО ВГАУ им. К.Д. Глинки), 2010. 11 с.
  11. Тарасенко А.П., Оробинский В.И., Мерчалова М.Э., Сорокин Н.Н. Совершенствование технологи получения качественных семян и продовольственного зерна . Лесотехнический журнал, 2014. Т. 4, №1 (13). С. 36–40.
  12. Тарасенко А.П. Совершенствование механизации производства семян зерновых культур / А.П. Тарасенко и др. Москва: Росинформагротех, 2014. 60 с.
  13. Травмирование семян. URL: http://www.agrocounsel.ru/travmirovanie-semyan
  14. Чернышов С.В., Мерчалова М.Э., Тарасенко А.П. Снижение травмирования зерна нориями. Механизация и электрификация сельского хозяйства, 2008. №10. С. 6.
Copyright (c) 2018 Ivan Skrynnik, Іryna Pisarkova, Mykola Petrenko