DOI: https://doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2019.49.25-33
Experience of the Use of Alternative Fuels by vehicles and Its Effect on the Environment
About the Authors
І.І. Бешляге, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), State Agrarian University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
Л.Г. Малай, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), State Agrarian University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
В.Ф. Горобец, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), State Agrarian University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
Abstract
The article is devoted to determining the main technological, operational and environmental characteristics of the operation of an internal combustion engine. Research was conducted using classic diesel, pure rapeseed oil, and a mixture of diesel and rapeseed oil in different proportions.
The article provides a methodology for experimental research of the main technological, operational and environmental characteristics of the operation of the D-241L direct injection engine on various types of fuel. The qualitative characteristics of the used fuel are described. In the first series of experiments, smoke emission indicators were determined during engine operation at 1000 rpm and 2100 rpm with various types of fuel. It was revealed that the operating mode does not significantly affect the formation of smoke. In the following series of experiments, studies were made of the formation of harmful gases depending on the engine load. The regularities of emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) gases and hydrocarbon (CH) are determined when using various types of fuel. It was found that carbon dioxide emissions are minimal when using a mixture of diesel (25%) and rapeseed oil (75%) in all engine operating modes. The minimum emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon for this mixture are observed only when the engine is running with a load of 75%. The results obtained allow us to draw the following conclusions.
The physic-chemical properties of rapeseed oil differ significantly from the properties of diesel and mixtures. Rapeseed oil is not recommended for a long time to be used in engines with direct injection, since it does not completely burn out. To use rapeseed oil as a fuel for direct injection diesel engines, some modifications are required in their design. When the engine is running on pure rapeseed oil, the gas phase of emissions is higher compared to other types of fuel, which characterize the deterioration of the combustion process of the fuel mixture. Rapeseed oil and its mixture with a diesel engine reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions in exhaust gases at an engine load of 75%.
Keywords
diesel fuel, hydroelectric power station emission, hydrocarbons, methyls, carbon monoxide, moto-hour, engine oil, physicochemical parameters
Full Text:
PDF
References
1. Sinjak, Ju.V. (2015). Al'ternativnye topliva i tehnoloii v avtomobil'nom transporte [Alternative fuels and technologies in automobile transport]. ecfor.ru. Retrieved from https://ecfor.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/alternativnye-motornye-topliva-avtotransport-sinyak-yu-v.pdf [in Russian].
2. Access to European Union law. eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/ [in English].
3. Zakon vozobnovlyaemoy energii [The law of renewable energy] (2007). Ofitsialnyiy monitor Respubliki Moldova [in Russian].
4. Перспективы развития области возобновляемых источников энергии в Молдове. AVA: веб-сайт. Retrieved from https://ava.md/2017/02/14/perspektivy-razvitiya-oblasti-vozobnovlyaemyh/
5. Agarwal, A.K., Bijwe, J. & Das, L.M. (2003) Effect of biodiesel utilization of wear of vital parts in compression ignition engine. Indian Institute of Techlogy. Kanpur. India. Trans. ASME, J.Eng. Cas Turbines and Power. Vol. 125. №2. 604-611 [in English].
6. Anisimov, V. F., Muzychuk, V. I., Piasetskyi, A. A., Riaboshapka, V. B. & Melnychuk, S. Ya. (2012). Pro mozhlyvosti prystosuvannia traktornoho dyzelia dlia roboty na biopalyvi [About the availability of tractor diesel engine for robot on biopali]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Vinnytskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Tekhnichni nauky, №10, Vol. 1 (58), 317-323 [in Ukrainian].
7. Devyanin, S.N., Markov, V.A., Semenov, V.G. (2007). Rastitelnyie masla i topliva na ih osnove dlya dizelnyih dvigateley [Vegetable oils and fuels based on them for diesel engines]. Moskow: Izdatelskiy tsentr FGOU VPO MGAU [in Russian].
8. Lievtierov, A.M., Marakhovskyi, V.P. & Savytskyi, V.D. (2012). Vyvchennia vplyvu motornykh vlastyvostei biopalyva na enerhoekolohichni kharakterystyky dyzelnoho dvyhuna [The study of the effect of motor properties of biofuels on the energy and environmental performance of a diesel engine]. Avtomobilnii transport, Vol. 31, 57-61 [in Ukrainian].
9. Chuba, V.V. (2011). Osoblyvosti roboty dvyhuna na dyzelnomu biopalyvi. [Features of engine operation on diesel biofuels] . Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Vinnytskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Tekhnichni nauky, №8, 126-132 [in Ukrainian].
10. Beshlyage I. (2011). Ispolzovanie biotopliva dlya pitaniya dizelnyih dvigateley [Using biofuels to power diesel engines]. Ch.: Centrul Ed. al UASM [in Russian].
11. Lakuste, I., Beshlyage, I. & Kishnichyan, V. (2006). Obosnovanie rezhimah polucheniya biotopliva dlya dizelnyih dvigateley [Substantiation of biofuel production modes for diesel engines]. Materialyi Konferentsii «Strategi upravleniya, inzhineriya i tehnologii v transporte». Kishiniov. 11-12. [in Russian].
12. Frunze, O. (2005). Issledovanie ekonomicheskoy i ekologicheskoy effektivnosti ispolzovaniya rastitelnyih masel dlya pitaniya dvigateli s vosplameneniem ot szhatiya [Study of economic and environmental efficiency of using vegetable oils for powering compression ignition engines]. Brashov [in Russian].
13. Lakuste I. (2018). Teoreticheskie osnovyi avtomobiley [Theoretical foundations of cars]. Kishiniov: Print-Caro. 2018.
GOST Style Citations
- Синяк Ю.В. Альтернативные топлива и технологии в автомобильном транспорте. URL: https://ecfor.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/alternativnye-motornye-topliva-avtotransport-sinyak-yu-v.pdf (дата обращения: 10.09.2019)
- 2. Access to European Union law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/
- 3. Закон возобновляемой энергии: №. 160-XVI от 12 июля 2007. В: Официальный монитор Республики Молдова. 2007. №. 127-130. С. 22-27.
- 4. Перспективы развития области возобновляемых источников энергии в Молдове. AVA: веб-сайт. URL: https://ava.md/2017/02/14/perspektivy-razvitiya-oblasti-vozobnovlyaemyh/ (дата обращения: 18.09.2019)
- 5. Agarwal A.K., Bijwe J., Das. L.M. Effect of biodiesel utilization of wear of vital parts in compression ignition engine. Indian Institute of Techlogy. Kanpur. India. Trans. ASME, J.Eng. Cas Turbines and Power. 2003. Vol. 125, №2. Р. 604-611.
- 6. Про можливості пристосування тракторного дизеля для роботи на біопаливі / Анісімов В.Ф. та ін. Збірник наукових праць Вінницького національного аграрного університету. Серія: Технічні науки. 2012. №10, Т. 1 (58). С. 317-323.
- 7. Девянин С.Н., Марков В.А., Семенов В.Г. Растительные масла и топлива на их основе для дизельных двигателей: монография. Москва: Издательский центр ФГОУ ВПО МГАУ. 2007. 340 с.
- 8. Лєвтєров А.М., Мараховський В.П., Савицький В.Д. Вивчення впливу моторних властивостей біопалива на енергоекологічні характеристики дизельного двигуна. Автомобильный транспорт. 2012. Вып. 31. С. 57-61.
- 9. Чуба В.В. Особливості роботи двигуна на дизельному біопаливі. Збірник наукових праць Вінницького національного аграрного університету. Серія: Технічні науки. 2011. №8. С. 126-132.
- 10.Бeшлягэ И. Использование биотоплива для питания дизельных двигателей. Ch.: Centrul Ed. al UASM, 2011. 111 с.
- 11.Лакустэ И., бeшлягэ И., Кишничян В. Обоснование режимах получения биотоплива для дизельных двигателей. Материалы Конференции «Стратеги управления, инжинерия и технологии в транспорте». Кишинёв, 2006. С.11-12.
- 12.Фрунзе O. Исследование экономической и экологической эффективности использования растительных масел для питания двигатели с воспламенением от сжатия. Брашов. 2005. 169 с.
- 13.Теоретические основы автомобилей / Лакустэ И. др. Кишинёв: Print-Caro. 2018. 226 с
Copyright (c) 2019 Igor Bershliage, Leonid Malai, Vladimir Gorobet
Experience of the Use of Alternative Fuels by vehicles and Its Effect on the Environment
About the Authors
І.І. Бешляге, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), State Agrarian University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
Л.Г. Малай, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), State Agrarian University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
В.Ф. Горобец, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), State Agrarian University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
Abstract
The article is devoted to determining the main technological, operational and environmental characteristics of the operation of an internal combustion engine. Research was conducted using classic diesel, pure rapeseed oil, and a mixture of diesel and rapeseed oil in different proportions. The article provides a methodology for experimental research of the main technological, operational and environmental characteristics of the operation of the D-241L direct injection engine on various types of fuel. The qualitative characteristics of the used fuel are described. In the first series of experiments, smoke emission indicators were determined during engine operation at 1000 rpm and 2100 rpm with various types of fuel. It was revealed that the operating mode does not significantly affect the formation of smoke. In the following series of experiments, studies were made of the formation of harmful gases depending on the engine load. The regularities of emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) gases and hydrocarbon (CH) are determined when using various types of fuel. It was found that carbon dioxide emissions are minimal when using a mixture of diesel (25%) and rapeseed oil (75%) in all engine operating modes. The minimum emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon for this mixture are observed only when the engine is running with a load of 75%. The results obtained allow us to draw the following conclusions. The physic-chemical properties of rapeseed oil differ significantly from the properties of diesel and mixtures. Rapeseed oil is not recommended for a long time to be used in engines with direct injection, since it does not completely burn out. To use rapeseed oil as a fuel for direct injection diesel engines, some modifications are required in their design. When the engine is running on pure rapeseed oil, the gas phase of emissions is higher compared to other types of fuel, which characterize the deterioration of the combustion process of the fuel mixture. Rapeseed oil and its mixture with a diesel engine reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions in exhaust gases at an engine load of 75%.Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. Sinjak, Ju.V. (2015). Al'ternativnye topliva i tehnoloii v avtomobil'nom transporte [Alternative fuels and technologies in automobile transport]. ecfor.ru. Retrieved from https://ecfor.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/alternativnye-motornye-topliva-avtotransport-sinyak-yu-v.pdf [in Russian].
2. Access to European Union law. eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/ [in English].
3. Zakon vozobnovlyaemoy energii [The law of renewable energy] (2007). Ofitsialnyiy monitor Respubliki Moldova [in Russian].
4. Перспективы развития области возобновляемых источников энергии в Молдове. AVA: веб-сайт. Retrieved from https://ava.md/2017/02/14/perspektivy-razvitiya-oblasti-vozobnovlyaemyh/
5. Agarwal, A.K., Bijwe, J. & Das, L.M. (2003) Effect of biodiesel utilization of wear of vital parts in compression ignition engine. Indian Institute of Techlogy. Kanpur. India. Trans. ASME, J.Eng. Cas Turbines and Power. Vol. 125. №2. 604-611 [in English].
6. Anisimov, V. F., Muzychuk, V. I., Piasetskyi, A. A., Riaboshapka, V. B. & Melnychuk, S. Ya. (2012). Pro mozhlyvosti prystosuvannia traktornoho dyzelia dlia roboty na biopalyvi [About the availability of tractor diesel engine for robot on biopali]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Vinnytskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Tekhnichni nauky, №10, Vol. 1 (58), 317-323 [in Ukrainian].
7. Devyanin, S.N., Markov, V.A., Semenov, V.G. (2007). Rastitelnyie masla i topliva na ih osnove dlya dizelnyih dvigateley [Vegetable oils and fuels based on them for diesel engines]. Moskow: Izdatelskiy tsentr FGOU VPO MGAU [in Russian].
8. Lievtierov, A.M., Marakhovskyi, V.P. & Savytskyi, V.D. (2012). Vyvchennia vplyvu motornykh vlastyvostei biopalyva na enerhoekolohichni kharakterystyky dyzelnoho dvyhuna [The study of the effect of motor properties of biofuels on the energy and environmental performance of a diesel engine]. Avtomobilnii transport, Vol. 31, 57-61 [in Ukrainian].
9. Chuba, V.V. (2011). Osoblyvosti roboty dvyhuna na dyzelnomu biopalyvi. [Features of engine operation on diesel biofuels] . Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Vinnytskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Tekhnichni nauky, №8, 126-132 [in Ukrainian].
10. Beshlyage I. (2011). Ispolzovanie biotopliva dlya pitaniya dizelnyih dvigateley [Using biofuels to power diesel engines]. Ch.: Centrul Ed. al UASM [in Russian].
11. Lakuste, I., Beshlyage, I. & Kishnichyan, V. (2006). Obosnovanie rezhimah polucheniya biotopliva dlya dizelnyih dvigateley [Substantiation of biofuel production modes for diesel engines]. Materialyi Konferentsii «Strategi upravleniya, inzhineriya i tehnologii v transporte». Kishiniov. 11-12. [in Russian].
12. Frunze, O. (2005). Issledovanie ekonomicheskoy i ekologicheskoy effektivnosti ispolzovaniya rastitelnyih masel dlya pitaniya dvigateli s vosplameneniem ot szhatiya [Study of economic and environmental efficiency of using vegetable oils for powering compression ignition engines]. Brashov [in Russian].
13. Lakuste I. (2018). Teoreticheskie osnovyi avtomobiley [Theoretical foundations of cars]. Kishiniov: Print-Caro. 2018.
GOST Style Citations
- Синяк Ю.В. Альтернативные топлива и технологии в автомобильном транспорте. URL: https://ecfor.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/alternativnye-motornye-topliva-avtotransport-sinyak-yu-v.pdf (дата обращения: 10.09.2019)
- 2. Access to European Union law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/
- 3. Закон возобновляемой энергии: №. 160-XVI от 12 июля 2007. В: Официальный монитор Республики Молдова. 2007. №. 127-130. С. 22-27.
- 4. Перспективы развития области возобновляемых источников энергии в Молдове. AVA: веб-сайт. URL: https://ava.md/2017/02/14/perspektivy-razvitiya-oblasti-vozobnovlyaemyh/ (дата обращения: 18.09.2019)
- 5. Agarwal A.K., Bijwe J., Das. L.M. Effect of biodiesel utilization of wear of vital parts in compression ignition engine. Indian Institute of Techlogy. Kanpur. India. Trans. ASME, J.Eng. Cas Turbines and Power. 2003. Vol. 125, №2. Р. 604-611.
- 6. Про можливості пристосування тракторного дизеля для роботи на біопаливі / Анісімов В.Ф. та ін. Збірник наукових праць Вінницького національного аграрного університету. Серія: Технічні науки. 2012. №10, Т. 1 (58). С. 317-323.
- 7. Девянин С.Н., Марков В.А., Семенов В.Г. Растительные масла и топлива на их основе для дизельных двигателей: монография. Москва: Издательский центр ФГОУ ВПО МГАУ. 2007. 340 с.
- 8. Лєвтєров А.М., Мараховський В.П., Савицький В.Д. Вивчення впливу моторних властивостей біопалива на енергоекологічні характеристики дизельного двигуна. Автомобильный транспорт. 2012. Вып. 31. С. 57-61.
- 9. Чуба В.В. Особливості роботи двигуна на дизельному біопаливі. Збірник наукових праць Вінницького національного аграрного університету. Серія: Технічні науки. 2011. №8. С. 126-132.
- 10.Бeшлягэ И. Использование биотоплива для питания дизельных двигателей. Ch.: Centrul Ed. al UASM, 2011. 111 с.
- 11.Лакустэ И., бeшлягэ И., Кишничян В. Обоснование режимах получения биотоплива для дизельных двигателей. Материалы Конференции «Стратеги управления, инжинерия и технологии в транспорте». Кишинёв, 2006. С.11-12.
- 12.Фрунзе O. Исследование экономической и экологической эффективности использования растительных масел для питания двигатели с воспламенением от сжатия. Брашов. 2005. 169 с.
- 13.Теоретические основы автомобилей / Лакустэ И. др. Кишинёв: Print-Caro. 2018. 226 с
Copyright (c) 2019 Igor Bershliage, Leonid Malai, Vladimir Gorobet