DOI: https://doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2020.50.27-35

Morphological Characteristics and Physical & Mechanical Properties of seeds of small-seeded crops

Elchyn Aliiev, Christina Lupko

About the Authors

Elchyn Aliiev, Senior Researcher, Doctor in Technics (Doctor of Technics Sciences), Institute of Oilseeds of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Zaporizhia, Ukraine, e-mail: aliev@meta.ua, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4006-8803

Christina Lupko, post-graduate, Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: kristinal97@ukr.net

Abstract

To create a database and systematize the seeds of samples of small-seeded crops, it is necessary to determine the patterns of influence of morphological parameters on their physical and mechanical properties. The development of the latest technologies and technical devices for cleaning and separation is possible due to the understanding of the characteristic morphological parameters for each of the small-seeded crops. The aim of the research is to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the seed material of small-seeded crops (mustard, flax, ryegrass, rapeseed), necessary to increase the efficiency of their cleaning and separation processes. To achieve this goal, a plan of experimental research was developed, which provided for the determination of physical and mechanical parameters of seeds of small-seeded crops, namely: indicators that characterize the flowability of seeds (angle of natural bias); frictional properties of seeds (static coefficient of friction); porosity (density) and density; size and mass characteristics of seeds (length, width, thickness, effective diameter, weight of 1000 seeds). It is established that the physical and mechanical properties of seeds of small-seeded crops are greatly influenced by its humidity. With increasing humidity, the performance of the test material increases. This is due to the fact that with increasing humidity, the shape of the seed almost turns into a spherical, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the curvature of the surface and reduce the points of contact between the seeds. As a result, the angle of natural inclination increases. The coefficient of friction of seeds of small-seeded crops depends on the roughness of the friction surface and decreases with increasing humidity. This is due to the fact that with increasing humidity decreases the forces of molecular attraction of the seed coat to the surface of the material. Seed density increases with increasing humidity. From this we can conclude that the absorption of moisture by the investigated material increases the total weight of the seed, and as a result - increases its specific weight.

Keywords

small-seeded crops, seeds, cleaning, separation

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References

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Copyright (c) 2020 Elchyn Aliiev, Christina Lupko