DOI: https://doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2022.52.32-40

Results of Experimental Studies Pneumatic Harvesting of Pests Agricultural Crops

Volodymyr Onopa, Dmytro Artemenko

About the Authors

Volodymyr Onopa, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: pc_kntu@ukr.net, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9177-5746

Dmytro Artemenko, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: artemenkodyu@kntu.kr.ua, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6633-0470

Abstract

The article presents the results of experimental research on the pneumatic collection of pests of agricultural crops. Today, insect pests are one of the main problems in agriculture. Pests cause 20 to 40 percent of global crop losses every year, and pesticide treatment is the main method of control. The continuous use of pesticides leads to potential human diseases, plant and soil pollution, so much attention is paid to ecological control methods. Pneumatic collection of pests is the main and most effective means of control. And the development of new designs and devices for its implementation is an urgent task. The analysis of the constructions and researches of pneumatic machines for harvesting pests of agricultural crops allowed us to come to the conclusion that recently, machines with a pneumatic harvesting system are most often used for harvesting pests, as those that damage the plant the least. Due to their efficiency, pneumatic machines of the suction type are becoming the most popular. The use of machines of this type will make it possible to obtain ecologically clean food products without the use of chemical means of control. In the work, the design of the pneumodisinfector and the device for the pneumatic collection of pests of agricultural crops is proposed and the efficiency of its operation is investigated. Experimental studies of the proposed pneumodisinfectant sector showed that, on average, for three harvests, the effectiveness was: on winter wheat - 74.0%, on alfalfa - 60%, on potatoes - 68.3%, on eggplant - 78.5%, on tomatoes - 79, 3%, sweet pepper – 91.0%. The number of plants affected by viruses decreased by 1.2 times compared to the control without pneumodisinfection. The costs of applying chemical protection exceeded the costs of pneumodisinfection by 4.7 times. On the basis of the obtained data, in the conditions of production crops of winter wheat, alfalfa, eggplant and potatoes, the use of a pneumodisinfector is an effective method.

Keywords

pests of agricultural crops, pneumatic collection of pests, device for collection, pneumodisinsector, environmental protection of plants

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References

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Citations

  1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) . (2020). New standards to curb the global spread of plant pests and diseases. URL: http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1187738/icode/ (Last accessed: 03.09.2022)
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  3. Vincent C., Chagnon R. (2000). Vacuuming tarnished plant bug on strawberry: a bench study of operational parameters versus insect behavior. Entomol. Exp. Applic. 97:347–354. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2000.00749.x
  4. Vincent C. and G. Boiteau. Pneumatic control of agricultural insect pests. Physical Control Methods in Plant Protection/La Lutte Physique en hytoprotection, eds. C. Vincent, B. Panneton and F. Fleurat-Lessard, New York: Springer-Verlag, 2001. P. 270–281.
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