DOI: https://doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2024.54.174-184
Research of the Design of a disc Spring Closing Device for a Row Crop Planter
About the Authors
Dmytro Artemenko, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail:artemenkodyu@kntu.kr.ua, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6633-0470
Oleh Kyslun, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: kyslun@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6059-3731
Volodymyr Onopa, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: pc_kntu@ukr.net,, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9177-5746
Dmytro Bogatyryov, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: asbdv@ukr.net, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8997-5466
Abstract
The study presents the results of theoretical research on the design and technological parameters of the spring-loaded disc covering device for row crop seeders. The analysis of existing covering devices and their technological processes revealed that they do not provide optimal sequential seed covering with moist soil layers followed by drier ones. Most designs, positioned after pressing rollers, primarily perform mulching and leveling of the furrow surface, which leads to mixing soil layers of different depths. It was determined that placing the covering devices immediately after the seed opener is more effective. This allows seeds to be covered with a moist soil layer immediately after being placed in the furrow, followed by a mulched drier layer. This approach helps retain moisture in the seed zone and creates favorable conditions for germination. To address the shortcomings of the reviewed covering devices, a new spring-loaded disc covering device was developed. This device combines a flat, single-edged disc positioned at an angle of attack to the direction of movement. A conical press is mounted on the outer edge of the disc, connected via a hub to a vertical pressure spring. The vertical pressure spring applies force to the working surface of the covering device and is positioned at an angle in the vertical plane relative to the row axis.
The efficient operation of the spring-loaded disc covering device is achieved through several features: the combination of the conical press and vertical pressure spring ensures consistent movement at a specified depth, allowing optimal amounts of soil to be separated for furrow coverage and forming a mound over the seeds. The horizontal deflection of the vertical spring, combined with the rotation of the disc, produces a mulching effect, while the vertical deflection generates the required pressure in the furrow zone, enabling high-quality furrow coverage. In cases of increased soil contamination with plant residues or higher soil moisture, the device's design ensures effective self-cleaning, enhancing its functionality and reliability.
The study determined that the main parameters influencing the operation of the disc covering device for row crop seeders include its angle of attack, seeder movement speed, and the distance the soil is displaced toward the furrow. A theoretical dependency was obtained, showing the impact of the covering device's angle of attack on the distance of soil displacement based on the soil's physical and mechanical properties. These findings open up possibilities for further improvement of spring-loaded covering devices, particularly for adapting them to the modern requirements of row crop cultivation technologies.
Keywords
favorable conditions, covering device, seed covering, spring-loaded disc covering device, increasing yield of row crops
Full Text:
PDF
References
1. Honcharuk, H.S. (2001). High-quality sowing of sugar beets is the key to a high yield. TsukrovI buryaki, №2, 8–9 [in Ukrainian].
2. Kolomiiets, O.P., Honcharuk, H.S., & Lomako, T.N. (1999). Prerequisites for quality sowing . Tsukrovi buriaky, 2, 17 [in Ukrainian].
3. Piatkivskyi, M.K. (2001). Sugar beet sowing high agricultural technology. Tsukrovi buriaky, 2, 7 [in Ukrainian].
4. Artemenko, D., Mahopets, O. & Solomashenko, P. (2010). Research and working out of an advanced design steel seeders. Konstruiuvannia, vyrobnytstvo ta ekspluatatsiia sil's'kohospodars'kykh mashyn: zahal'noderzh. mizhvid. nauk.-tekhn. zb., 40, part 1. 136-142. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/bitstream/ 123456789/1795/1/26.pdf [in Ukrainian].
5. Artemenko, D.Yu. (2012). Mathematical model of the improved coulter cheeks of a row drill. Tekhnika v sil's'kohospodars'komu vyrobnytstvi, haluzeve mashynobuduvannia, avtomatyzatsiia: zb. nauk. pr. Kirovohrads'koho nats. tekhn. un-tu. Issue 25, Part 1, 41–45 [in Ukrainian].
6. Salo, V.M., Luzan, O.R., Luzan, P.G., &Machok, Yu.V. (2012). Wrapping working bodies for direct sowing of grain crops: monograph / Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine, Kirovohrad. national technical Univ. Kirovohrad: SPD FD Lysenko V.F. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/5473 [in Ukrainian].
7. Prospect of the Gaspardo Company. (2017). SP Range. Pneumatic precision seed drills. Italy. https://www.maschio.com/assets/Uploads/Leaflet-SP-RANGE-17-2017-09-W00230043R-EN.pdf
8. Prospect of the Kuhn Company. (2015). Planter 3. Precision seed drills. Kuhn farm machinery (UK). URL: http://www.kuhn.co.uk/uk/range/seeding/pneumatic-precision-seed-drills/planter-3-m-single-bar.html
9. Precision Seeding. Maschinenfabrik SCHMOTZER GmbH. http://www.schmotzer.de
10. Product Catalog Elvorti. Chervona zirka. (2016). Technology in harmony with the nature. Kropyvnytskyi/Ukraine. https://www.elvorti.com/content/pdf/2016/KATALOG_2016_EN_SITE.pdf
11. (2012). Seed drill. “Contour”. Prospect of the company “Amazon”. Germany, 8.
12. (2018). The precision Planter specialist. MECA V4. Prospect of the Ribouleau Company. Ribouleau MONOSEM – FRANCE. https://www.monosem.com/Range/Planter-range/MECA-V4
13. (2008). Seed drill. “Pneumasem II”. Prospect of the company “Nodet gougis”. France, 6.
14. Aniskevych, L.V., & Rosamakha, Yu.O.. (2016). Design features of coulter systems of modern seed drills and their compliance with the requirements of precision agriculture . Naukovyi visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu bioresursiv i pryrodokorystuvannia Ukrainy. Seriia : Tekhnika ta enerhetyka APK - Scientific Bulletin of the National University of Life Resources and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Series: Engineering and Energy of the Agricultural Complex. Part. 241, 269-278 [in Ukrainian]. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/nvnau_tech_2016_241_38 2016
15. Boiko, A.I. (2003). Novi konstruktsii gruntoobrobnykh ta posivnykh mashyn. [New designs of tillage and seeding machines] / [Boiko A.I., Sviren M.O., Shmat S.I., Nozhnov M.M.]. К., 206. [in Ukrainian].
16. Murray, J.R., Tullberg, J.N. &Basnet, B.B. (2006). Planters and their components: types, attributes, functional requirements, classification and description. ACIAR Monograph. No. 121. ISBN 186320 4628.
17. Zubko, V.M., Melnyk, V.I., Protsenko, A.M., & Komisar, E.O. (2018). Tehniko-tehnologichna efektivnist nachipnoyi sivalki dlya posiv kukurudzi. [Technical and technological efficiency of the trailed seeder for sowing corn]. Bioresursi i prirodokoristuvannya - Bioresources and nature management. Volume 10, №5-6, 229 – 234 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31548/bio2018.05.029
18. Dryer, H. (2010). Detailed view of the seeder coulter Primera DMC. Amazone Primera DMC. AMAZONEN-WERKE H. DREYER GmbH & Co. KG. 2 [in Ukrainian]. http://www.amazone.de
19. Artemenko, D.Yu., & Magopets, O.S. (2011). Theoretical study of the main technological parameter of the improved design of the spring wrapper of the row drill. Visnik agrarnoyi nauki Prichornomor’ya: naukovo-teoretichniy fahoviy zhurnal . V.S. Shebanin (Es.) and others. Mykolayiv, Part. 4 (61), Vol.1, 244 – 250 [in Ukrainian].
20. Artemenko, D.Yu., & Kucher, D.Yu. (2024). [Development and justification of the design of a disc spring wrapper for a row seeder. The 17th International scientific and practical conference “The latest technologies in the development of science, business and education” (April 30 – May 03, 2024) London, Great Britain. International Science Group. 402-406 https://isg-konf.com/uk/the-latest-technologies-in-the-development-of-science-business-and-education/[in Ukrainian].
Citations
1. Гончарук Г.С. Якісна сівба цукрових буряків запорука високого врожаю. Цукрові буряки. 2001. №2. С. 8–9.
2. Коломієць О.П., Гончарук Г.С., Ломако Т.Н. Передумови якісної сівби. Цукрові буряки. 1999. №2. С. 17.
3. П’ятківський М.К. Сівбі цукрових буряків високу агротехніку. Цукрові буряки. 2001. № 2. С. 7.
4. Артеменко Д.Ю., Магопець О.С., Соломашенко П.М. Дослідження і розробка удосконаленої конструкції сошника просапної сівалки. Конструювання, виробництво та експлуатація сільськогосподарських машин : загальнодерж. міжвід. наук.-техн. зб. Кіровоград : КНТУ, 2010. Вип. 40, Ч.1. С. 136-142. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1795/1/26.pdf
5. Артеменко Д.Ю. Математична модель роботи удосконалених щік сошника просапної сівалки. Техніка в с.-г. виробництві, галузеве машинобудування, автоматизація: Зб. наук. пр. Кіровогр. нац. техн. ун-ту. Вип. 25, Ч. 1. Кіровоград : КНТУ, 2012. С. 41–45.
6. Загортаючі робочі органи для прямої сівби зернових культур : монографія / В.М. Сало, О.Р. Лузан, П.Г. Лузан, Ю.В. Мачок; М-во освіти і науки, молоді та спорту України; Кіровоград. нац. техн. ун-т. Кіровоград : СПД ФО Лисенко В.Ф., 2012. 164 с. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/5473
7. Pneumatic precision seed drills. Prospect of the Gaspardo Company. 2017. SP Range. Italy. URL: https://www.maschio.com/assets/Uploads/Leaflet-SP-RANGE-17-2017-09-W00230043R-EN.pdf
8. Planter 3. Precision seed drills : Prospect of the Kuhn Company. 2015. Kuhn farm machinery (UK). URL: http://www.kuhn.co.uk/uk/range/seeding/pneumatic-precision-seed-drills/planter-3-m-single-bar.html
9. Precision Seeding. Maschinenfabrik SCHMOTZER GmbH. URL: http://www.schmotzer.de
10. Product Catalog Elvorti. Chervona zirka. 2016. Technology in harmony with the nature. Kropyvnytskyi/Ukraine. URL: https://www.elvorti.com/content/pdf/2016/KATALOG_2016_EN_SITE.pdf
11. Seed drill. “Contour” : Prospect of the company “Amazon”. Germany, 2012. 8 с.
12. Prospect of the Ribouleau Company. 2018. The precision Planter specialist. MECA V4. Ribouleau MONOSEM – FRANCE. URL: https://www.monosem.com/Range/Planter-range/MECA-V4
13. Сівалка “Pneumasem ІІ”. Проспект фірми “Nodet gougis”. Франція, 2008. 6 с.
14. Конструктивні особливості сошникових систем сучасних сівалок та їх відповідність вимогам точного землеробства / Л. В. Аніскевич, Ю. О. Росамаха. Науковий вісник Національного університету біоресурсів і природокористування України. Серія : Техніка та енергетика АПК. 2016. Вип. 241. С. 269-278. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/nvnau_tech_2016_241_38 2016
15. Бойко А.І. Нові конструкції ґрунтообробних та посівних машин / [Бойко А.І., Свірень М.О., Шмат С.І., Ножнов М.М.]. К., 2003. 206 с.
16. Murray J.R., Tullberg J.N. and Basnet B.BPlanters and their components: types, attributes, functional requirements, classification and description. ACIAR Monograph. . 2006. No. 121. ISBN 186320 4628.
17. Зубко В.М., Мельник В.І., Проценко А.М., Комісар Е.О. Техніко-технологічна ефективність начіпної сівалки для посіву кукурудзи. Біоресурси і природокористування. Т. 10. 2018. №5-6. С.229–234. https://doi.org/10.31548/bio2018.05.029
18. Драйер Х. Детальний розгляд сошника сівалки Primera DMC. Amazone Primera DMC. AMAZONEN-WERKE H. DREYER GmbH & Co. KG. 2010, 2 с. URL: http://www.amazone.de
19. Артеменко Д.Ю., Магопець О.С. Теоретичне дослідження основного технологічного параметру удосконаленої конструкції пружинного загортача просапної сівалки. Вiсник аграрної науки Причорномор’я: науково-теоретичний фаховий журнал / В.С. Шебанін (гол. ред.) та ін. Миколаїв, 2011. Вип. 4 (61), Т.1. С. 244–250.
20. Артеменко Д.Ю., Кучер Д.Ю. Розробка і обґрунтування конструкції дискового пружинного загортача просапної сівалки. The 17th International scientific and practical conference “The latest technologies in the development of science, business and education” (April 30 – May 03, 2024) London, Great Britain. International Science Group. 2024. С. 402–406. https://isg-konf.com/uk/the-latest-technologies-in-the-development-of-science-business-and-education/
Copyright (c) 2024 Dmytro Artemenko, Oleh Kyslun, Volodymyr Onopa, Dmytro Bogatyryov
Research of the Design of a disc Spring Closing Device for a Row Crop Planter
About the Authors
Dmytro Artemenko, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail:artemenkodyu@kntu.kr.ua, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6633-0470
Oleh Kyslun, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: kyslun@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6059-3731
Volodymyr Onopa, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: pc_kntu@ukr.net,, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9177-5746
Dmytro Bogatyryov, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: asbdv@ukr.net, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8997-5466
Abstract
The study presents the results of theoretical research on the design and technological parameters of the spring-loaded disc covering device for row crop seeders. The analysis of existing covering devices and their technological processes revealed that they do not provide optimal sequential seed covering with moist soil layers followed by drier ones. Most designs, positioned after pressing rollers, primarily perform mulching and leveling of the furrow surface, which leads to mixing soil layers of different depths. It was determined that placing the covering devices immediately after the seed opener is more effective. This allows seeds to be covered with a moist soil layer immediately after being placed in the furrow, followed by a mulched drier layer. This approach helps retain moisture in the seed zone and creates favorable conditions for germination. To address the shortcomings of the reviewed covering devices, a new spring-loaded disc covering device was developed. This device combines a flat, single-edged disc positioned at an angle of attack to the direction of movement. A conical press is mounted on the outer edge of the disc, connected via a hub to a vertical pressure spring. The vertical pressure spring applies force to the working surface of the covering device and is positioned at an angle in the vertical plane relative to the row axis. The efficient operation of the spring-loaded disc covering device is achieved through several features: the combination of the conical press and vertical pressure spring ensures consistent movement at a specified depth, allowing optimal amounts of soil to be separated for furrow coverage and forming a mound over the seeds. The horizontal deflection of the vertical spring, combined with the rotation of the disc, produces a mulching effect, while the vertical deflection generates the required pressure in the furrow zone, enabling high-quality furrow coverage. In cases of increased soil contamination with plant residues or higher soil moisture, the device's design ensures effective self-cleaning, enhancing its functionality and reliability. The study determined that the main parameters influencing the operation of the disc covering device for row crop seeders include its angle of attack, seeder movement speed, and the distance the soil is displaced toward the furrow. A theoretical dependency was obtained, showing the impact of the covering device's angle of attack on the distance of soil displacement based on the soil's physical and mechanical properties. These findings open up possibilities for further improvement of spring-loaded covering devices, particularly for adapting them to the modern requirements of row crop cultivation technologies.Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. Honcharuk, H.S. (2001). High-quality sowing of sugar beets is the key to a high yield. TsukrovI buryaki, №2, 8–9 [in Ukrainian].
2. Kolomiiets, O.P., Honcharuk, H.S., & Lomako, T.N. (1999). Prerequisites for quality sowing . Tsukrovi buriaky, 2, 17 [in Ukrainian].
3. Piatkivskyi, M.K. (2001). Sugar beet sowing high agricultural technology. Tsukrovi buriaky, 2, 7 [in Ukrainian].
4. Artemenko, D., Mahopets, O. & Solomashenko, P. (2010). Research and working out of an advanced design steel seeders. Konstruiuvannia, vyrobnytstvo ta ekspluatatsiia sil's'kohospodars'kykh mashyn: zahal'noderzh. mizhvid. nauk.-tekhn. zb., 40, part 1. 136-142. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/bitstream/ 123456789/1795/1/26.pdf [in Ukrainian].
5. Artemenko, D.Yu. (2012). Mathematical model of the improved coulter cheeks of a row drill. Tekhnika v sil's'kohospodars'komu vyrobnytstvi, haluzeve mashynobuduvannia, avtomatyzatsiia: zb. nauk. pr. Kirovohrads'koho nats. tekhn. un-tu. Issue 25, Part 1, 41–45 [in Ukrainian].
6. Salo, V.M., Luzan, O.R., Luzan, P.G., &Machok, Yu.V. (2012). Wrapping working bodies for direct sowing of grain crops: monograph / Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine, Kirovohrad. national technical Univ. Kirovohrad: SPD FD Lysenko V.F. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/5473 [in Ukrainian].
7. Prospect of the Gaspardo Company. (2017). SP Range. Pneumatic precision seed drills. Italy. https://www.maschio.com/assets/Uploads/Leaflet-SP-RANGE-17-2017-09-W00230043R-EN.pdf
8. Prospect of the Kuhn Company. (2015). Planter 3. Precision seed drills. Kuhn farm machinery (UK). URL: http://www.kuhn.co.uk/uk/range/seeding/pneumatic-precision-seed-drills/planter-3-m-single-bar.html
9. Precision Seeding. Maschinenfabrik SCHMOTZER GmbH. http://www.schmotzer.de
10. Product Catalog Elvorti. Chervona zirka. (2016). Technology in harmony with the nature. Kropyvnytskyi/Ukraine. https://www.elvorti.com/content/pdf/2016/KATALOG_2016_EN_SITE.pdf
11. (2012). Seed drill. “Contour”. Prospect of the company “Amazon”. Germany, 8.
12. (2018). The precision Planter specialist. MECA V4. Prospect of the Ribouleau Company. Ribouleau MONOSEM – FRANCE. https://www.monosem.com/Range/Planter-range/MECA-V4
13. (2008). Seed drill. “Pneumasem II”. Prospect of the company “Nodet gougis”. France, 6.
14. Aniskevych, L.V., & Rosamakha, Yu.O.. (2016). Design features of coulter systems of modern seed drills and their compliance with the requirements of precision agriculture . Naukovyi visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu bioresursiv i pryrodokorystuvannia Ukrainy. Seriia : Tekhnika ta enerhetyka APK - Scientific Bulletin of the National University of Life Resources and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Series: Engineering and Energy of the Agricultural Complex. Part. 241, 269-278 [in Ukrainian]. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/nvnau_tech_2016_241_38 2016
15. Boiko, A.I. (2003). Novi konstruktsii gruntoobrobnykh ta posivnykh mashyn. [New designs of tillage and seeding machines] / [Boiko A.I., Sviren M.O., Shmat S.I., Nozhnov M.M.]. К., 206. [in Ukrainian].
16. Murray, J.R., Tullberg, J.N. &Basnet, B.B. (2006). Planters and their components: types, attributes, functional requirements, classification and description. ACIAR Monograph. No. 121. ISBN 186320 4628.
17. Zubko, V.M., Melnyk, V.I., Protsenko, A.M., & Komisar, E.O. (2018). Tehniko-tehnologichna efektivnist nachipnoyi sivalki dlya posiv kukurudzi. [Technical and technological efficiency of the trailed seeder for sowing corn]. Bioresursi i prirodokoristuvannya - Bioresources and nature management. Volume 10, №5-6, 229 – 234 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31548/bio2018.05.029
18. Dryer, H. (2010). Detailed view of the seeder coulter Primera DMC. Amazone Primera DMC. AMAZONEN-WERKE H. DREYER GmbH & Co. KG. 2 [in Ukrainian]. http://www.amazone.de
19. Artemenko, D.Yu., & Magopets, O.S. (2011). Theoretical study of the main technological parameter of the improved design of the spring wrapper of the row drill. Visnik agrarnoyi nauki Prichornomor’ya: naukovo-teoretichniy fahoviy zhurnal . V.S. Shebanin (Es.) and others. Mykolayiv, Part. 4 (61), Vol.1, 244 – 250 [in Ukrainian].
20. Artemenko, D.Yu., & Kucher, D.Yu. (2024). [Development and justification of the design of a disc spring wrapper for a row seeder. The 17th International scientific and practical conference “The latest technologies in the development of science, business and education” (April 30 – May 03, 2024) London, Great Britain. International Science Group. 402-406 https://isg-konf.com/uk/the-latest-technologies-in-the-development-of-science-business-and-education/[in Ukrainian].
Citations
1. Гончарук Г.С. Якісна сівба цукрових буряків запорука високого врожаю. Цукрові буряки. 2001. №2. С. 8–9.
2. Коломієць О.П., Гончарук Г.С., Ломако Т.Н. Передумови якісної сівби. Цукрові буряки. 1999. №2. С. 17.
3. П’ятківський М.К. Сівбі цукрових буряків високу агротехніку. Цукрові буряки. 2001. № 2. С. 7.
4. Артеменко Д.Ю., Магопець О.С., Соломашенко П.М. Дослідження і розробка удосконаленої конструкції сошника просапної сівалки. Конструювання, виробництво та експлуатація сільськогосподарських машин : загальнодерж. міжвід. наук.-техн. зб. Кіровоград : КНТУ, 2010. Вип. 40, Ч.1. С. 136-142. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1795/1/26.pdf
5. Артеменко Д.Ю. Математична модель роботи удосконалених щік сошника просапної сівалки. Техніка в с.-г. виробництві, галузеве машинобудування, автоматизація: Зб. наук. пр. Кіровогр. нац. техн. ун-ту. Вип. 25, Ч. 1. Кіровоград : КНТУ, 2012. С. 41–45.
6. Загортаючі робочі органи для прямої сівби зернових культур : монографія / В.М. Сало, О.Р. Лузан, П.Г. Лузан, Ю.В. Мачок; М-во освіти і науки, молоді та спорту України; Кіровоград. нац. техн. ун-т. Кіровоград : СПД ФО Лисенко В.Ф., 2012. 164 с. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/5473
7. Pneumatic precision seed drills. Prospect of the Gaspardo Company. 2017. SP Range. Italy. URL: https://www.maschio.com/assets/Uploads/Leaflet-SP-RANGE-17-2017-09-W00230043R-EN.pdf
8. Planter 3. Precision seed drills : Prospect of the Kuhn Company. 2015. Kuhn farm machinery (UK). URL: http://www.kuhn.co.uk/uk/range/seeding/pneumatic-precision-seed-drills/planter-3-m-single-bar.html
9. Precision Seeding. Maschinenfabrik SCHMOTZER GmbH. URL: http://www.schmotzer.de
10. Product Catalog Elvorti. Chervona zirka. 2016. Technology in harmony with the nature. Kropyvnytskyi/Ukraine. URL: https://www.elvorti.com/content/pdf/2016/KATALOG_2016_EN_SITE.pdf
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