DOI: https://doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2021.51.54-60
Laser-plasma Strengthening of Pre-heat-treated Road Transport Details in the Agro-industrial Complex
About the Authors
Yuriy Kovalchuk, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Uman National University of Horticulture, Uman, Ukraine, e–mail: temp14053@gmail.com
Ivan Lisovyi, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Uman National University of Horticulture, Uman, Ukraine, e–mail: lisov.iv.ol@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1480-1805
Abstract
The aim of the work is to determine the laser-plasma effect on the structure and microhardness of surfaces of ordinary and after heat treatment by hardening with low and high tempering steel 40HN with different structure, to study the possibility of laser-plasma treatment to strengthen the surface at different stages of manufacturing or repair transport details in the agro-industrial complex.
The article presents the results of laser-plasma exposure to the structure and microhardness of surfaces of ordinary and after heat treatment by hardening with low and high tempering steel 40HN with different structure: normalized or annealed steel immediately after machining, and after volumetric heat treatment with different types tempering for different hardness, determined by the purpose of the workpieces. First, the features of the microstructure and hardness of steel with a ferritic-pearlitic structure during laser-plasma treatment were studied. The highest temperature, which causes melting and evaporation of the material, during laser treatment occurs on the surface of the processed products. During further cooling due to intensive heat dissipation into the cold core of the metal in the melting zone is hardening from the liquid state and the formation of martensite. Adjacent to these areas is the zone of martensite obtained by quenching during cooling from the solid austenitic state. Then the influence of laser-plasma treatment on the features of the microstructure and hardness of steel with the structure of tempering sorbitol and with the structure of martensite was considered.
Laser-plasma treatment can be used with high efficiency to strengthen structural steels. It allows to strengthen the surface of structural steel to a high hardness of 9-11 GPa to a depth of about 0.2 mm. The hardening effect is obtained on steels with different structure, characteristic for different stages of the techno¬logical process. Therefore, the use of laser-plasma treatment to strengthen the surface is possible at different stages of the technological process of manufacturing or repairing parts of road transport in agriculture.
Keywords
laser plasma, optical pulsating discharge, hardening, microhardness, road transport details in the agro-industrial complex
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References
1. Zabolotnyi, V.I. & Kovalchuk, Yu.A. (2007). Model otrazhayushchey poverkhnosti lazernogo kanala razvedki informatsii [Model of the reflective surface of the laser intelligence channel]. Prikladnaya radioelektronika – Applied radio electronics, Vol. 6, 3, 432–434 [in Russian].
2. Ogin, P.A. (2015). Struktura i svojstva zon perekrytija pri lazernoj zakalke stalej i chugunov [The structure and properties of overlap zones in laser hardening of steels and cast irons]. Vektor nauki Tol'jattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Science vector of Togliatti State University, 2 (32-2), 130-135 [in Russian].
3. Zavoiko, O.S. (2014). Doslidzhennia lazernoho zmitsnennia kolinchatykh valiv ta mekhaniko-termichnoi obrobky pry ruinuvanni na vtomu ta znos [Investigation of laser hardening of crankshafts and mechanical-thermal treatment in case of fatigue and wear destruction]. Fizyka i khimiia tverdoho tila – Physics and Chemistry of the Solid State, Vol. 15, 4, 846-855 [in Ukrainian].
4. Kovalchuk, Yu.O. & Lisovyi I.O. (2018). Doslidzhennya struktury ta mikrotverdosti obroblenoyi lazerom poverkhni chavuniv [Investigation of the structure and microhardness of a laser-treated cast iron surface]. Konstruyuvannya, vyrobnytstvo ta ekspluatatsiya silskohospodarskykh mashyn: Zahalnoderzhavnyi mizhvidomchyi naukovo-tekhnichnyi zbirnyk – Design, manufacture and operation of agricultural machinery: National interagency scientific and technical collection, issue 48, 54–61 [in Ukrainian].
5. Rutkowski, D. & Ambroziak, A. (2014). Effect of laser strengthening on the mechanical properties of car body steels presently used in automotive industry. Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa, 5, 49–57 [in English].
6. Ogin, P.A. (2015). Povyshenie jekspluatacionnyh harakteristik detalej iz chugunov s primeneniem zakalki optovolokonnym lazerom [Improving the performance of parts made of cast iron using hardening with a fiber-optic laser]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo gosudarstvennogo inzhenerno-jekonomicheskogo instituta. Serija «Tehnicheskie nauki» – Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod State Engineering and Economic Institute. Series «Technical Sciences», 12 (55), 55-58 [in Russian].
7. Kovalchuk, Yu.O., Kravchenko, V.V. & Olyadnichuk, R.V. (2017). Lazerna obrobka detaley silskohospodarskoyi tekhniky z chavunu [Laser processing of parts of agricultural machinery from cast iron]. Visnyk Ukrayinskoho viddilennya Mizhnarodnoyi akademiyi ahrarnoyi osvity – Bulletin of the Ukrainian branch of the International Academy of Agrarian Education, issue 5, 92–99 [in Ukrainian].
8. Tokarev, A., Bataeva, Z., Grachev, G., Smirnov, A., Khomyakov, M. & Gerber, A. (2015). Laser-plasma treatment of structural steel. Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 788, 58–62 [in English].
9. Rykalin, N.N. & Uglov, A.A. (1981). Lazerno-plazmennaya obrabotka metallov pri vysokikh davleniyakh gazov [Laser-plasma processing of metals at high gas pressures]. Kvantovaya elektronika – Quantum electronics, Vol. 8, 6, 1193–1201 [in Russian].
10. Schaaf, P. (2002). Laser nitriding of metals. Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 47, 1–161 [in English].
11. Hoche, D., Schikora, H., Zutz, H., Queitsch, R., Emmel, A. & Schaaf, P. (2008). Microstructure of TiN coatings synthesized by direct pulsed Nd:YAG laser nitriding of titanium: Development of grain size, microstrain, and grain orientation. Applied Physics A, Vol. 91, 305–314 [in English].
12. Bagaev, S.N., Grachev, G.N., Smirnov, A.L., Khomyakov, M.N., Tokarev, A.O. & Smirnov, P.Yu. (2014). Primeneniye metoda lazerno-plazmennoy modifikatsii poverkhnosti metallov dlya uluchsheniya tribotekh¬nicheskikh kharakteristik tsilindrov dvigateley vnutrennego sgoraniya [Application of the method of laser-plasma modification of the surface of metals to improve the tribotechnical characteristics of cylinders of internal combustion engines]. Obrabotka metallov – Metal processing, 1 (62), 14–23 [in Russian].
13. Bagaev, S.N., Grachev, G.N., Smirnov, A.L., Khomyakov, M.N. & Tokarev, A.O. (2014). Modifikatsiya poverkhnosti serogo chuguna metodom lazerno-plazmennoy obrabotki [Modification of the surface of gray cast iron by laser-plasma treatment]. Aktualnye problemy v mashinostroyenii: materialy pervoy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (26 marta 2014 goda) – Actual problems in mechanical engineering: materials of the first international scientific and practical conference, 1. (pp. 229–235). Novosibirsk: Izdatelstvo NGTU [in Russian].
14. Bagaev, S.N., Grachev, G.N., Smirnov, A.L., Khomyakov, M.N., Tokarev, A.O., Bataeva Z.B. et al. (2016). Vliyaniye predvaritelnoy termoobrabotki konstruktsionnoy stali na effekt uprochneniya pri lazerno-plazmennom vozdeystvii [Influence of preliminary heat treatment of structural steel on the hardening effect under laser-plasma action]. Aktualnye problemy v mashinostroyenii: materialy tretyey mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (30 marta 2016 goda) – Actual problems in mechanical engineering: materials of the third international scientific and practical conference, 3.(pp. 389–397). Novosibirsk: Izdatelstvo NGTU [in Russian].
Citations
- Заболотный В.И., Ковальчук Ю.А. Модель отражающей поверхности лазерного канала разведки информации. Прикладная радио¬электроника. 2007. Т. 6, № 3. С. 432–434.
- Огин П.А. Структура и свойства зон перекрытия при лазерной закалке сталей и чугунов. Вектор науки Тольяттинского государственного университета. 2015. № 2 (32-2). С. 130–135.
- Завойко О.С. Дослідження лазерного зміцнення колінчатих валів та механіко-термічної обробки при руйнуванні на втому та знос. Фізика і хімія твердого тіла. 2014. Т. 15. № 4. С. 846–855.
- Ковальчук Ю.О., Лісовий І.О. Дослідження структури та мікротвердості обробленої лазером поверхні чавунів. Конструювання, виробництво та експлуатація сільськогосподарських машин: Загальнодерж. міжвідомч. наук.-техн. зб. 2018. Вип. 48. С. 54–61.
- Rutkowski, D., Ambroziak, A. Effect of laser strengthening on the mechanical properties of car body steels presently used in automotive industry. Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa. 2014. № 5, 49–57.
- Огин П.А. Повышение эксплуатационных характеристик деталей из чугунов с применением закалки оптоволоконным лазером. Вестник Нижегородского государственного инже¬нерно-экономического института. Серия «Технические науки». 2015. № 12 (55). С. 55–58.
- Ковальчук Ю.О., Кравченко В.В., Оляднічук Р.В. Лазерна обробка деталей сільськогосподарської техніки з чавуну. Вісник Українського відділення Міжнародної академії аграрної освіти. 2017. Вип. 5. С. 92–99.
- Laser-plasma treatment of structural steel / A. Tokarev et al. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2015. Vol. 788. P. 58–62.
- Рыкалин Н.Н., Углов А.А. Лазерно-плазменная обработка металлов при высоких давлениях газов. Квантовая электроника. 1981. Т. 8. № 6. С. 1193–1201.
- Schaaf P. Laser nitriding of metals. Progress in Materials Science. 2002. Vol. 47. Р. 1–161.
- Microstructure of TiN coatings synthesized by direct pulsed Nd:YAG laser nitriding of titanium: Development of grain size, microstrain, and grain orientation / D. Hoche et al. Applied Physics A. 2008. Vol. 91. P. 305–314.
- Применение метода лазерно-плазменной модификации поверхности металлов для улучшения триботехнических характеристик цилиндров двигателей внутреннего сгорания / Багаев С.Н. и др. Обработка металлов. 2014. № 1 (62). С. 14–23.
- Модификация поверхности серого чугуна методом лазерно-плазменной обработки / Багаев С.Н. и др. Актуальные проблемы в машиностроении: материалы первой междунар. науч.-практ. конф. (Новосибирск, 26 марта 2014). Новосибирск, 2014. № 1. С. 229–235.
- Влияние предварительной термообработки конструкционной стали на эффект упрочнения при лазерно-плазменном воздействии / Багаев С.Н. и др. Актуальные проблемы в машиностроении: материалы третьей междунар. науч.-практ. конф. (Новосибирск, 30 марта 2016). Новосибирск, 2016. № 3. С. 389–397.
Copyright (c) 2021 Yuriy Kovalchuk, Ivan Lisovyi
Laser-plasma Strengthening of Pre-heat-treated Road Transport Details in the Agro-industrial Complex
About the Authors
Yuriy Kovalchuk, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Uman National University of Horticulture, Uman, Ukraine, e–mail: temp14053@gmail.com
Ivan Lisovyi, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Uman National University of Horticulture, Uman, Ukraine, e–mail: lisov.iv.ol@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1480-1805
Abstract
The aim of the work is to determine the laser-plasma effect on the structure and microhardness of surfaces of ordinary and after heat treatment by hardening with low and high tempering steel 40HN with different structure, to study the possibility of laser-plasma treatment to strengthen the surface at different stages of manufacturing or repair transport details in the agro-industrial complex. The article presents the results of laser-plasma exposure to the structure and microhardness of surfaces of ordinary and after heat treatment by hardening with low and high tempering steel 40HN with different structure: normalized or annealed steel immediately after machining, and after volumetric heat treatment with different types tempering for different hardness, determined by the purpose of the workpieces. First, the features of the microstructure and hardness of steel with a ferritic-pearlitic structure during laser-plasma treatment were studied. The highest temperature, which causes melting and evaporation of the material, during laser treatment occurs on the surface of the processed products. During further cooling due to intensive heat dissipation into the cold core of the metal in the melting zone is hardening from the liquid state and the formation of martensite. Adjacent to these areas is the zone of martensite obtained by quenching during cooling from the solid austenitic state. Then the influence of laser-plasma treatment on the features of the microstructure and hardness of steel with the structure of tempering sorbitol and with the structure of martensite was considered. Laser-plasma treatment can be used with high efficiency to strengthen structural steels. It allows to strengthen the surface of structural steel to a high hardness of 9-11 GPa to a depth of about 0.2 mm. The hardening effect is obtained on steels with different structure, characteristic for different stages of the techno¬logical process. Therefore, the use of laser-plasma treatment to strengthen the surface is possible at different stages of the technological process of manufacturing or repairing parts of road transport in agriculture.Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. Zabolotnyi, V.I. & Kovalchuk, Yu.A. (2007). Model otrazhayushchey poverkhnosti lazernogo kanala razvedki informatsii [Model of the reflective surface of the laser intelligence channel]. Prikladnaya radioelektronika – Applied radio electronics, Vol. 6, 3, 432–434 [in Russian].
2. Ogin, P.A. (2015). Struktura i svojstva zon perekrytija pri lazernoj zakalke stalej i chugunov [The structure and properties of overlap zones in laser hardening of steels and cast irons]. Vektor nauki Tol'jattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Science vector of Togliatti State University, 2 (32-2), 130-135 [in Russian].
3. Zavoiko, O.S. (2014). Doslidzhennia lazernoho zmitsnennia kolinchatykh valiv ta mekhaniko-termichnoi obrobky pry ruinuvanni na vtomu ta znos [Investigation of laser hardening of crankshafts and mechanical-thermal treatment in case of fatigue and wear destruction]. Fizyka i khimiia tverdoho tila – Physics and Chemistry of the Solid State, Vol. 15, 4, 846-855 [in Ukrainian].
4. Kovalchuk, Yu.O. & Lisovyi I.O. (2018). Doslidzhennya struktury ta mikrotverdosti obroblenoyi lazerom poverkhni chavuniv [Investigation of the structure and microhardness of a laser-treated cast iron surface]. Konstruyuvannya, vyrobnytstvo ta ekspluatatsiya silskohospodarskykh mashyn: Zahalnoderzhavnyi mizhvidomchyi naukovo-tekhnichnyi zbirnyk – Design, manufacture and operation of agricultural machinery: National interagency scientific and technical collection, issue 48, 54–61 [in Ukrainian].
5. Rutkowski, D. & Ambroziak, A. (2014). Effect of laser strengthening on the mechanical properties of car body steels presently used in automotive industry. Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa, 5, 49–57 [in English].
6. Ogin, P.A. (2015). Povyshenie jekspluatacionnyh harakteristik detalej iz chugunov s primeneniem zakalki optovolokonnym lazerom [Improving the performance of parts made of cast iron using hardening with a fiber-optic laser]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo gosudarstvennogo inzhenerno-jekonomicheskogo instituta. Serija «Tehnicheskie nauki» – Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod State Engineering and Economic Institute. Series «Technical Sciences», 12 (55), 55-58 [in Russian].
7. Kovalchuk, Yu.O., Kravchenko, V.V. & Olyadnichuk, R.V. (2017). Lazerna obrobka detaley silskohospodarskoyi tekhniky z chavunu [Laser processing of parts of agricultural machinery from cast iron]. Visnyk Ukrayinskoho viddilennya Mizhnarodnoyi akademiyi ahrarnoyi osvity – Bulletin of the Ukrainian branch of the International Academy of Agrarian Education, issue 5, 92–99 [in Ukrainian].
8. Tokarev, A., Bataeva, Z., Grachev, G., Smirnov, A., Khomyakov, M. & Gerber, A. (2015). Laser-plasma treatment of structural steel. Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 788, 58–62 [in English].
9. Rykalin, N.N. & Uglov, A.A. (1981). Lazerno-plazmennaya obrabotka metallov pri vysokikh davleniyakh gazov [Laser-plasma processing of metals at high gas pressures]. Kvantovaya elektronika – Quantum electronics, Vol. 8, 6, 1193–1201 [in Russian].
10. Schaaf, P. (2002). Laser nitriding of metals. Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 47, 1–161 [in English].
11. Hoche, D., Schikora, H., Zutz, H., Queitsch, R., Emmel, A. & Schaaf, P. (2008). Microstructure of TiN coatings synthesized by direct pulsed Nd:YAG laser nitriding of titanium: Development of grain size, microstrain, and grain orientation. Applied Physics A, Vol. 91, 305–314 [in English].
12. Bagaev, S.N., Grachev, G.N., Smirnov, A.L., Khomyakov, M.N., Tokarev, A.O. & Smirnov, P.Yu. (2014). Primeneniye metoda lazerno-plazmennoy modifikatsii poverkhnosti metallov dlya uluchsheniya tribotekh¬nicheskikh kharakteristik tsilindrov dvigateley vnutrennego sgoraniya [Application of the method of laser-plasma modification of the surface of metals to improve the tribotechnical characteristics of cylinders of internal combustion engines]. Obrabotka metallov – Metal processing, 1 (62), 14–23 [in Russian].
13. Bagaev, S.N., Grachev, G.N., Smirnov, A.L., Khomyakov, M.N. & Tokarev, A.O. (2014). Modifikatsiya poverkhnosti serogo chuguna metodom lazerno-plazmennoy obrabotki [Modification of the surface of gray cast iron by laser-plasma treatment]. Aktualnye problemy v mashinostroyenii: materialy pervoy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (26 marta 2014 goda) – Actual problems in mechanical engineering: materials of the first international scientific and practical conference, 1. (pp. 229–235). Novosibirsk: Izdatelstvo NGTU [in Russian].
14. Bagaev, S.N., Grachev, G.N., Smirnov, A.L., Khomyakov, M.N., Tokarev, A.O., Bataeva Z.B. et al. (2016). Vliyaniye predvaritelnoy termoobrabotki konstruktsionnoy stali na effekt uprochneniya pri lazerno-plazmennom vozdeystvii [Influence of preliminary heat treatment of structural steel on the hardening effect under laser-plasma action]. Aktualnye problemy v mashinostroyenii: materialy tretyey mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (30 marta 2016 goda) – Actual problems in mechanical engineering: materials of the third international scientific and practical conference, 3.(pp. 389–397). Novosibirsk: Izdatelstvo NGTU [in Russian].
Citations
- Заболотный В.И., Ковальчук Ю.А. Модель отражающей поверхности лазерного канала разведки информации. Прикладная радио¬электроника. 2007. Т. 6, № 3. С. 432–434.
- Огин П.А. Структура и свойства зон перекрытия при лазерной закалке сталей и чугунов. Вектор науки Тольяттинского государственного университета. 2015. № 2 (32-2). С. 130–135.
- Завойко О.С. Дослідження лазерного зміцнення колінчатих валів та механіко-термічної обробки при руйнуванні на втому та знос. Фізика і хімія твердого тіла. 2014. Т. 15. № 4. С. 846–855.
- Ковальчук Ю.О., Лісовий І.О. Дослідження структури та мікротвердості обробленої лазером поверхні чавунів. Конструювання, виробництво та експлуатація сільськогосподарських машин: Загальнодерж. міжвідомч. наук.-техн. зб. 2018. Вип. 48. С. 54–61.
- Rutkowski, D., Ambroziak, A. Effect of laser strengthening on the mechanical properties of car body steels presently used in automotive industry. Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa. 2014. № 5, 49–57.
- Огин П.А. Повышение эксплуатационных характеристик деталей из чугунов с применением закалки оптоволоконным лазером. Вестник Нижегородского государственного инже¬нерно-экономического института. Серия «Технические науки». 2015. № 12 (55). С. 55–58.
- Ковальчук Ю.О., Кравченко В.В., Оляднічук Р.В. Лазерна обробка деталей сільськогосподарської техніки з чавуну. Вісник Українського відділення Міжнародної академії аграрної освіти. 2017. Вип. 5. С. 92–99.
- Laser-plasma treatment of structural steel / A. Tokarev et al. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2015. Vol. 788. P. 58–62.
- Рыкалин Н.Н., Углов А.А. Лазерно-плазменная обработка металлов при высоких давлениях газов. Квантовая электроника. 1981. Т. 8. № 6. С. 1193–1201.
- Schaaf P. Laser nitriding of metals. Progress in Materials Science. 2002. Vol. 47. Р. 1–161.
- Microstructure of TiN coatings synthesized by direct pulsed Nd:YAG laser nitriding of titanium: Development of grain size, microstrain, and grain orientation / D. Hoche et al. Applied Physics A. 2008. Vol. 91. P. 305–314.
- Применение метода лазерно-плазменной модификации поверхности металлов для улучшения триботехнических характеристик цилиндров двигателей внутреннего сгорания / Багаев С.Н. и др. Обработка металлов. 2014. № 1 (62). С. 14–23.
- Модификация поверхности серого чугуна методом лазерно-плазменной обработки / Багаев С.Н. и др. Актуальные проблемы в машиностроении: материалы первой междунар. науч.-практ. конф. (Новосибирск, 26 марта 2014). Новосибирск, 2014. № 1. С. 229–235.
- Влияние предварительной термообработки конструкционной стали на эффект упрочнения при лазерно-плазменном воздействии / Багаев С.Н. и др. Актуальные проблемы в машиностроении: материалы третьей междунар. науч.-практ. конф. (Новосибирск, 30 марта 2016). Новосибирск, 2016. № 3. С. 389–397.